Joy Harjo (1951--) :: Artist Poet Joy Harjo Biography Essays

Joy Harjo (1951--) Joy Foster was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma on May 9th, 1951 to Wynema Baker and Allen W. Foster. She is an enrolled member of the Creek tribe, and is also of Cherokee, French, and Irish descent. Descended from a long line of tribal leaders on her fathers side, including Monahwee, leader of the Red Stick War against Andrew Jackson, she often incorporates into her poetry themes of Indian survival amidst contemporary American life. In 1970, at the age of 19, with the blessings of her parents, Foster took the last name of her maternal grandmother, Naomi Harjo. As she often credits her great aunt, Lois Harjo, with dogma her about her Indian identity, this name change may have helped her to solidify her public link with this heritage. Although primarily known as a poet, Harjo conceives of herself as a visual artist. She left Oklahoma at age 16 to attend the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico, originally studying painting. After attending a rea ding by poet Simon Ortiz, she changed her major to poetry. At 17, she returned to Oklahoma to give birth to her son, Phil Dayn, walking four blocks while in agitate to the Indian hospital in Talequah. Her daughter, Rainy Dawn, was born four years later in Albuquerque. For years, Harjo supported herself and her children with a variety of jobs waitress, service-station attendant, hospital janitor, nurses assistant, dance teacher. She then went on to earn a B.A. in English from the University of New Mexico in 1976 and an M.F.A. in poetry from the University of Iowas famed Iowa Writers Workshop in 1978. She then went on to an impressive list of teaching lines beginning with the Institute of American Indian Arts and ending with her current position with the American Indian Studies Program at the University of California at Los Angeles. Harjo is an award-winning poet many times over. She has won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers turn of the Americas, the Okla homa Book Award in 1995 for The Woman Who Fell from the Sky and in 2003 for How We Became Human New and Selected Poems, the William Carlos Williams Award from the Poetry Society of America for and the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation for In Mad Love and War (1991), among other awards.

Computer Crimes versus Traditional Crimes :: Crime Hacker Internet Theft Fraud

Computer Crimes versus Traditional CrimesA computer hacker lav steal more with a computer than a weapon. For example, internet auction fraud (i.e., EBay) was by far the most reported offense, comprising 44.9% complaints as opposed to invert fraud which made up 4.9% complaints.1 It is my opinion that many hatreds involving computers are the same as crimes committed without one and that the computer is just a tool to dish aide the criminal in committing the offense. Stealing is a crime and should not be considered different just because a computer is involved. Computer crimes are no different from other crimes, and computer criminals should be held responsible for the damage they cause.In order to determine if computer crimes are the same as non-computer crimes, we must first gear define what crime is. The broad definition of crime is an offense against public law and the clothedional commission of an act usually deemed socially harmful or dangerous,2 but there are several typ es of crime. For instance, robbery is the taking of anothers property either by force or fear with the intent to deprive the owner of the property. Crimes, such as fraud, theft (including identity theft), forgery, and embezzlement, can occur in both the traditional sense (without a computer) or in a more contemporary sense in which computers are used to facilitate the illegal activity. Computer crime, or cyber crime, has been defined as a crime in which a computer plays an essential part. This type of crime is the illegal exploitation of computer technologies most often involving the Internet.In a relatively inadequate period of metre, we as a society have witnessed an explosion of technological computer advancements. For instance, today there are over 5 million computers for good attached to the Internet and at least that many which are only sporadically online compared to only 200 in 1983.3 Based on this wide open use of the internet, the United States government is despera tely attempting to define what constitutes cyber crime and the appropriate punishment associated with the crime. It is very tough to apply the consequences of many of the computer crimes that are cosmos done each day because it is such a recent problem in society. In time I believe it will be more than easier to determine who and how people are going about doing illegal activities online, but as of now we dont have the technology or time to catch all those hackers out there.

The Stanley Cup and Online Communities :: Internet Web Essays

The Stanley Cup and Online CommunitiesWhat I Know, Assume, or ImagineI will proceed off by giving a bit of background as to why I chose this particular topic. I consider myself an amateur in online communities, and in particular chat rooms. I have ever so considered chat rooms places passel with no friends can go. I have plenty of friends, so I never re each(prenominal)y saw the need to chat. The few times I have gone into chat rooms, they are usually sport related. The problem I have found is that the conversation is usually on everything except sports. I still feel this way. The first part of my hypothesis is that chat rooms dont always stick to the subject. I am a huge hockey fan, and consider myself somewhat of an expert in certain areas. This is why I chose the Stanley Cup as my topic for my I-search. I think that combining something I feel I have good knowledge of with the Internet will help me weed out the facts from fiction. Here are some things I know about hockey. The S tanley Cup is the oldest trophy in North American Sports. It gets passed from team to team, unlike some other(a) trophies. In the NHL, the pseudos play for the Cup, not for the championship ring, or the championship itself. The winning team gets its names on the Cup for all time and each player gets to spend a couple of days with the Cup over the summer. The hall of fame provides a Cup Keeper whose job is to stay with the cup at all times. Most hockey players in the US and Canada have dreamt of hoisting the Cup since they first put on skates. (Simon) As you can see, I am very fervent about the Cup, and could write my whole paper on its rich history, which began in the late 1800s. I am sure there are other people like me on the Internet, so my goal is to find them. I will try to use message boards as well as chat rooms. I plan to ask them about stories they have heard about when the players had the Cup. I imagine I will get better results on message boards, so I will concentrate m ore on these than the chat rooms. Another assumption I have is that certain teams will be more centripetal to answering questions from me.

sayings of jesus :: essays research papers

THE HARD SAYINGS OF JESUSCHAPTERS 1-20As a Christian and a bible student there is on greater subject than Jesus. No other person has effected history more than Jesus some say he was a prophet, some say he was a great teacher, and others just think he was crazy. But, to those of us who know him to be the son of God it is very essential to understand his teachings.Throughout Jesus ministry on earth he made a number of statements that went misunderstood both then and now. However it is important as followers of Christ to understand the teachings of his ministry. The author of this book starts off with one of Jesus toughest sayings. The saying is found in John 653 were he says that, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. To an orthodox Jew this comes off as pure heresy. The Law of Moses forbids cannibalism and drinking blood. However the writer explains this statement as a gradual revelation of who He was. The writer, F.F. Bruce start ed with the feeding of the 5,000 on (pg 21) and the walking on the water, then in a teaching in the synagogue about manna (Exodus 1613-36 or Numbers11 4-9). The story of the woman at the well, also pointed to the fact that Jesus was the Bread of purport and the Living water.Another saying of Jesus that proved his power and authority on earth to forgive sins found in Mark 210, The Son of man has authority on earth to forgive sins. This saying of Jesus occurred before the healing of the paralytic. He was lowered in to the house were Jesus was at by his four friends. The reason the author gave for this being a hard saying is that only a spokesmen of God could say that god has forgiven their sins and they did not limit Jesus as such authority.I have noticed in Jesus ministry that he was often more strict than the Law for example in Matthew chapter five Jesus makes a series of statements that start with, For you have heard it was said ______ but I say______. Jesus addresses the subject s of murder, adultery, divorce, oaths, and retaliation or vengeance. It is in these dialogs that it is sorely obvious that the Sadducees did not understand the law.

Inferential Learning Theory Essay -- Education Knowledge Learning

LearningABSTRACT The concept of encyclopedism may be regarded as any process through which a system utilizes familiarity to improve its performance. As we move into the age of digital information, the rapid and explosive maturation of external, as well as, internal data and information that organizations are faced with is a problem that they are currently trying to overcome. The ability to collect and neckcloth this data is far ahead of the ability to analyze and learn from it. The concept of learning go away be examined from the perspective of the inferential learning theory. This theory examines the flux of input knowledge, background knowledge, learning objectives or goals and an inference process to obtain new or learned knowledge.Various learning situations may dictate differing learning processes. The three that will be briefly highlighted in this paper are learning by induction, through the use of decision rules or decision trees learning by breakthrough and learning b y taking advice, explanation-based generalization. The concept of multi-strategy learning in order to handle more complex problems will also be examined.INTRODUCTION query in the area of learning has been ongoing for several years, and it has over the years been traditionally characterized as an improvement in a systems behavior or knowledge due to its experience. Experience in this context is looking at the totality of information generated in the course of performing some action. The inferential theory of learning suggests a means of our understanding the learning process.Michalski 1 proposes that this theory assumes that learning is a goal-guided process of modifying the learners knowledge by exploring the learners experience. This process he... ...fman R. A. - Data Mining and association Discovery - A Review of issues and Multi- strategy Approach. Reports of the Machine Learning and Inference Laboratory, MCI 97-2, George Mason University, Fairfax, V.A. 1997. http//www.mli.gmu. edu/kaufman/97-1.ps6 Chun-Nan Hsu and Craig A. Knoblock - Discovering Robust Knowledge from Dynamic Closed - manhood Data. http//www.isi.edu/sims/papers/95-robust.ps7 Shavlik Jude W. - Acquiring Recursive and Iterative Concepts with Explanation-Based Learning. Machine Learning Vol. 5,(1990).8 Tecuci Gheorghe - Plausible Justification Trees A framework for inscrutable and Dynamic Integration of Learning Strategies, Machine Learning Vol. 11(1993).9 Fayyad U., Piatetsky-Shapiro G., Smyth, Padhraic - The KDD Process for Extracting Useful Knowledge from volumes of Data - Communications of the ACM vol. 39, no. 11 (Nov. 1996).

Inferential Learning Theory Essay -- Education Knowledge Learning

encyclopaedismABSTRACT The concept of learning may be regarded as any process through which a system utilizes knowledge to improve its performance. As we move into the age of digital nurture, the rapid and explosive growth of external, as well as, internal data and information that organizations are faced with is a problem that they are currently trying to overcome. The ability to collect and store this data is far ahead of the ability to see and learn from it. The concept of learning will be examined from the perspective of the inferential learning theory. This theory examines the mix of input knowledge, background knowledge, learning objectives or goals and an induction process to obtain new or learned knowledge.Various learning situations may dictate differing learning processes. The three that will be briefly highlighted in this paper are learning by induction, through the use of decision rules or decision trees learning by discovery and learning by taking advice, explanat ion-based generalization. The concept of multi-strategy learning in order to handle more complex problems will also be examined.INTRODUCTIONResearch in the area of learning has been ongoing for some(prenominal) years, and it has over the years been traditionally characterized as an improvement in a systems behavior or knowledge due to its experience. Experience in this context is flavour at the totality of information generated in the course of performing some action. The inferential theory of learning suggests a means of our understanding the learning process.Michalski 1 proposes that this theory assumes that learning is a goal-guided process of modifying the learners knowledge by exploring the learners experience. This process he... ...fman R. A. - Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - A Review of issues and Multi- strategy turn up. Reports of the Machine Learning and Inference Laboratory, MCI 97-2, George Mason University, Fairfax, V.A. 1997. http//www.mli.gmu.edu/kaufman/97- 1.ps6 Chun-Nan Hsu and Craig A. Knoblock - Discovering Robust Knowledge from Dynamic Closed - World Data. http//www.isi.edu/sims/papers/95-robust.ps7 Shavlik Jude W. - Acquiring recursive and Iterative Concepts with Explanation-Based Learning. Machine Learning Vol. 5,(1990).8 Tecuci Gheorghe - Plausible Justification Trees A framework for Deep and Dynamic Integration of Learning Strategies, Machine Learning Vol. 11(1993).9 Fayyad U., Piatetsky-Shapiro G., Smyth, Padhraic - The KDD Process for Extracting Useful Knowledge from volumes of Data - Communications of the ACM vol. 39, no. 11 (Nov. 1996).

Type of Business

P1 Describe the type of line of products, purpose and ownership of two contrasting pedigree help oneself for heroes is a charitable participation that was founded by Byrn and Emma Parry in 2007, they started financial aid for Heroes. They raise money for the servicemen returning from war, in Afghanistan and Iraq. Help for heroes scram 5 distinct campaigns that live with been done , these are swimming pool confused at Headley court, Relatives houses at Headly Court and Selly Oak hospital, battle back, troop aid, combat stress and the patients welfare fund.They are a national company based in England only. The Help for Heroes Company are a registered UK charity, hardly too have a profitable gain, they do exactly what is stated and tot on the wholey giganticsss are given to the charity. But they also sell Help for Heroes merchandise such as wristbands etc. these go towards the running cost of the company and to the owners. The donation that Help for Heroes have received since October 2007 is ? 105. 377M.Help for Heroes have about 250 employees worldwide Help for Heroes is a tertiary business and the purpose of the business is to help wound service men and women through donations and fundraising, the ownership of Help for Heroes is a partnership, owned by Bryn Parry and Emma Parry. The mission statement for Help for Heroes is Help for Heroes supports any humankind or woman who has been either wounded in conflict or injured in educateing since 2001. We are raising millions of pounds to create facilities to help their re impertinental and support existing service charities to deliver the expertise claimed. Help for Heroes have an unlimited liability, this mean if they were to go into debt, they could lose more money than was put into the business. Topshop is a British clothes retailer, it is cheatn worldwide. Topshop is a part of the Arcadia group which is a group that owns a lot of different retail outlets. Topshop was founded in 1964 by cocksu cker Robinsons Ltd. Topshop has physical and online stores in over 20 countries. They employ over 200+ employees each year. They are an International company with flagship stores in Europe, the Americas and the Middle East.The Topshop in Oxford Street is the worlds largest fashion store it is roughly about 90,000 square feet and covers five floors, it attracts 30,000 clients a day. Topshop is a tertiary company the purpose of the business is to sell fashionable clothes and accessories to the younger age group (15-25). Topshop is a company owned by the Arcadia group so its a PLC. As Topshop is a PLC, they have limited liability, and they would only lose the money that they put into the company. P2 Describe the different s light uponholders who influence the purpose of two contrasting businessesA stakeholder is an mortal that has a direct or indirect stake in an organisation because it can affect or be affected by the organisations policies, actions or objectives. All stakeholders are entitled to different considerations, and have different rights. Stakeholders can range from clients, to establishment. I entrust be describing the uphold that key stakeholders have on my two selected organisations, Topshop and Help for Heroes. Customers Customers have an impact on Topshop as they buy the products they are entitled to a fair price on products and juicyer(prenominal) quality goods.The influence they have on Topshop is that they are expecting them to hold in juicy-quality goods, which last for an extended period of time so they get their value for money on these products. Help for Heroes customers influence the company by expecting them to make good use of their donations, in products brought and to achieve projects that are promised to be made. Employees Employees have an internal impact on Topshop as they are part of the company employees expect security of their job, opportunities to progress in the business as they gain more regulate experience and a f air pay.As employees are so vital to Topshop, the employees expectations must be met by Topshop. Help for Heroes have two set of employees they have volunteers and fastness set staff. They both have the similar employees but the volunteers do non expect pay, and expect projects to be achieved. Suppliers Suppliers have an extraneous impact on Topshop as they are not part of the company suppliers expect a fair price for goods or services that they are inviteing to the company. They would also expect a fast if not instant payment and some suppliers would expect to feel valued by the company.This influences Topshop to get payments done quickly, and for prices to be fair to the suppliers, suppliers allow also influence the company to prosper as they allow for want to feel proud of the company. The Help for Heroes suppliers impart also have an external impact on them. They will expect them to pay them a reasonable price for the goods they are providing them, and they will expect reg ular orders to be made. Owners The Owners of Topshop will have an internal impact on Topshop as they are part of the company and will some decisions for the company owners are regarded as the principal risk takers.Owners would expect to see boodle increase, and see values of the business to rise. Owners will influence the organisation to maintain high standards of work and to attempt and keep employees for a long period of time, and to maximize profits of the company. The Owners of Help for Heroes also have an internal impact of the company they would also like to see the business increase in size, but not necessarily value. They would also expect to sell products and bring in a reasonable amount of donations. Trade UnionsTrade unions represent the interests of groups or employees. In Topshop and Help for Heroes they would expect fair wages based on experience and qualifications, fair working hours and acceptable working conditions for their members. This will influence both busine sses to maintain high quality working facilities, make sure all staff is given a fair pay and are given reasonable hours. Employer Associations Employer associations are the presidency body of organisations. They have an external impact on Topshop as they are not part of the organisation.They would expect Topshop to abide by rules that they have set they will also encourage them to give producers of their products to receive a fair wage. This will influence them to offer fair prices to suppliers and to abide by the set rules they have given. Help for Heroes will also be impacted by the employer associations. They will be influenced in making sure they pay their suppliers a fair price. Government The government have an external impact on Topshop as they are not part of the business.They expect businesses to provide jobs for the public, and pay taxes they will also expect Topshop to be successful. This will influence Topshop to maintain healthy sales figures and employ a suitable am ount of large number based on the business size. The government will have less of an impact on the business they will expect them to provide jobs, but it is not vital as only some are paid. They will expect them to be successful. Local Communities Local Communities have an external impact on Topshop as they are not part of the business.They would expect them to evaluate the local customers and area, to keep their waste to a minimum and to give back to the community. This would influence Topshop to try and recycle more often and offer excellent customer service. Local communities would also influence Help for Heroes as they build many buildings and the local community would expect them to keep their waste to a minimum and offer events for the local community. P3 Describe how their style of organisation helps them to fulfil their purposesThe purpose of an organisational structure is to keep control of a group of people and to keep communication between different employees quick and smooth as possible. An organisational structure also distinguishes a clear line between different types of jobs in certain departments. Topshop is a large organisation with a tall hierarchical structure. It needs this because it has over 100 international destinations. Topshop has chosen this structure because it needs to keep different employees in different departments of the business this keeps the organisation together but also divides work between departments.Topshop also this structure for communication, they are such a large business, so they need to make sure that if problems or queries need addressing employees know who their superiors are and who exactly to report to. Topshop would not want a shop floor employee speaking to the chief operating officer for a simple query as that would take too long for the problem to be addressed. The span of control in Topshop would be fairly thin a manager would normally be in charge of about 15 employees, this is a good figure as it al lows communication between employees and managers to be efficient. Example of a Tall Hierarchal StructureTopshop have many different functional areas these are Finance, Marketing, Production, gross revenue and Human Resources. Finance keep all records of any type of financial activity, they also work with other managers of different departments to give them any sort of financial information that they need e. g. working with Sales to give them predictions of source turnover. Marketing are responsible for monitoring competitors such as River Island and Zara. Identifying, anticipating and satisfying any requirements that a customer or potential customer whitethorn have and to create new ideas within the business.They do this in Topshop by making sure they know what are the latest trends are and lodge out when new stock is available to subscribing customers. Production is in charge of how the stock is made, how much stock is made and when it is made. Production keep under Topshop fi gure of conduct this states that goods must not be made through any forms of child labour or forced labour. Production work closely with pay in keeping sure they have the most cost effective production, Production also works closely with Marketing as they decide when stock is made and Marketing tells them how much stock they will need for new seasons.Sales are responsible for getting customers to buy whatever Topshop produce. Sales work with the Marketing department. Marketing will find out what the customer want and Sales will normally find potential customers to open from here selling will keep them interested and hope for Sales to close the deal. Human Resources managers are responsible for people management in Topshop this is for mainly customers and employees. They will advertise, hire, train and fire employees. They will also take any sort of customer complaints.They will also make various policies for people in the organisation, administrative roles and accessory roles. To pshop make strategic plans by getting the CEO of Topshop to write up a set of aims with other senior partners. These are then dissected by the second in charge and presented in a department meeting from here they will then decide on how will they meet these aims with strategic plans and different plans are given to different managers. P4 Explain how their style of organisation helps them to fulfil their purposeFor this task I have been asked to explain how organisational structures and strategic provision helps Topshop to achieve its aims. Organisation structures help a business reach their aims by how dividing the company into smaller units, where companies have specialists in their specialised areas such as having a financial clerk in the finance department and not in the marketing department. The organisational structure will also establish clear communication routes making it communication efficient by having it only when demand.Strategic formulation is an organisations proc ess of defining the direction that the company is going in this involves making decision and providing the pertinent resources to pursue the strategy that will be taken. Performance measures are established early on to measure the success of the plan. Heads of organisations need to do strategic planning so they can check at any investments are worth the time and money. Strategic planning helps a business to achieve its aim in various methods * Helps organisations prepare for the future This helps businesses to achieve aims by allowing them enough time to plan in the present so they can analyse for the future, enceinte the business enough time to run trial and error through different ideas and methods, this is so they can decide on what will bring profit and what will bring a loss of profits of the business. * Bring clarity and agreement on a mission statement This helps businesses to achieve aims by letting everyone know what the ultimate goal of the business is and to reinforce this goal in everyones heads.It is also helpful for the staff and board members to have a path to discover this puts everyone on the same page. * Educate participants on changes to be made This helps businesses to achieve aims by giving everyone that is in the business the suitable information and resources to allow them to go steady how changes will be made so that they can accommodate the business aims. If employees also understand the business history and be able to see what has worked in previous year and what hasnt, they will be able to identify successful methods to move the business forward. Gives opportunity to analyse the organisations systems and processes This helps the business to achieve aims by giving board members the opportunity to be able to analyse the processes that and systems that have been used, and then they can identify the strengths and weaknesses, and eventually be able to improve these where necessary. M1 Explain the points of horizon of different st akeholders seeking to influence the aims and objectives of two contrasting organisations A stakeholder will always influence a business.This depends on the amount of power that they have the larger power that a stakeholder has the more interest that an organisation will have on that certain stakeholder. The interest that organisations take on stakeholders can influence the decisions that they take and ultimately this will affect their aims and objectives. I will be covering 5 different stakeholders that may influence my two selected organisations Topshop and Help for Heroes, the stakeholders I will discussing will be customers, employees, owners, trade unions and local communities. CustomersCustomers will have a large amount of power towards the business as they will be expecting Topshop to keep competitive prices with other businesses that sell similar products customers will also be expecting to receive seasonal deals from Topshop. This will change their aims in certain seasons s uch as Christmas as they will aim to sell much more, but for cheaper prices. Help for heroes on the other hand will have customers who will be purchase stock because they want to make an impact and make sure the company is getting income so that they can continue to execute projects.Help for Heroes will have their aims changed depending on many donations they receive per month, because if a suitable amount of projects arent complete in a suitable time then donations can be stopped from customers. Employees Employees also will have a great amount of power towards the business. Both companies Topshop and Help for Heroes will aim to keep them happy as they will need them in the business so tasks can be completed.The Employees will fair wages and reasonable hours, they will also expect feat evaluations, and this will influence the company to keep a sustainable amount of employees as they will have to provide them with training from the HR department, this could influence their aims as they might want to expand but may not be able to due to not being able to afford to staff new staff and train them to expectations. Employees in Help for Heroes are voluntary so will expect a good environment to work in, flexible hours and necessary training. OwnersOwners are a key part of the company and their decisions will always influence the company and will normally impact in with other stakeholders. In Topshop the owner will expect to see the company increase and their share of the profit to increase, they would also hope to see the value of the business increase in case they decide to sell. His/hers views would influence the company greatly because if he decided to start trading with freetrade goods, the marketing team would have to increase the price and rear new adverts and would lose customers from their customer base and try and persuade new customers to shop at Topshop.In Help for Heroes, there are two people that control the business they expect the company to increa se in size and to launch a certain amount of projects every year. If the owners decided to launch an extra 3 projects in one year, this would change the organisations aims as they would have to sell more stock and hire more employees. Trade Unions Trade unions are an external stakeholder to a company as they represent a certain party in the business. Trade unions expect that customers are treated fairly, wages are adapted and working conditions are of a high quality.This will affect a business as they will want to keep employees happy so may have to spend more on facilities instead of on stock, changing their spending patterns. Topshop and Help for Heroes will have to make sure that they keep high standards of working conditions and that employees are paid fairly and are treated in an acceptable manner. Local Communities Local communities are normally affected by organisations. Organisations try to keep local communities happy and will run various events or give back to them as th ey need their area. Topshop tend to keep their shops in cities, but have various factories in the countryside.The local communities will expect them to input money into the community and try and be as energy efficient as possible, this will influence Topshops aims as they may want to expand their factories but the local community may not want them too, so they may have to change locations. Help for Heroes build a lot of projects, the community expects them to use methods of building that cause less pollution. This influences the companys aims by making them spend more and making them wait longer for completion of projects or for the prices of good to be raised.